WORLDECONOMICFORUMDecarbonizing AvlationGround Operations:Alterative Bus TechnolocilesWHITEPAPERNOVEMBER2025
ContentsExecutivesummaryIntroduction1.10peratingprofile1.2Busfleetownershipmodels2Airport bussolutions: Technologyoverview and developments2.1Technologyoptions2.2Keyfeaturescomparison,3Tatalcostofownership(TCO)analys3.1Referencecasestudyandscenariosconsidered32Scenato-basedTCOresltsandinsghs3.3 Sensitivity analysisConclusionAppendix1:Methodology,Appendix2:Assumptions details perscenanoAppendix3:SubsidiesContributorsEndnotestheyeMembersDecatoning.AuiltionGroundOprations.AMemathesBEus Fectmobagies
AlternativeBus TechnalogiesExecutive summaryTotal cost of ownership analysis is apragmatic tool to empower airports toadvance strateaic decisions on net-zerdground operations.Thispaperenpbesthetethno-econmic easdbilyofreplachg fossl-ulled alport buseswithThe choiceoftechnologydependsoneach,alternative low-emission technologlies such asirport's operational profile, financial capacityad long-term sustainability goals. Sensitivityhighlights that drrsalaries, utilizationparameters thataffectTCO the most.and stakeholderWhietuthereadchis recomended toasessredetailed airport load profiling, batteradation modelling and real-world retrofitperormanea da, ragmaltc recommendatiors,uelling standardstostreamlinefrastructure deployment and interoperabilityncluding between ground equipment and futureand renewable transport fuels where reliance onnan -electric powertrains is envisagedExploring second-lebatryaplicatinssustainability.Leveraging public-private partnerships andgreen bonds to finance large-scale fleeansitionsEnhancing calaboration among aiportsperators and energy providers to share best.ctices and accelerate innovation.operations isbothtechnialy feaste andecanamically advantageous, positioning airpartsernabers h thebradereregy ransiton of thenally flexible, are.By adopting ataiored,evidencedue to technoloavand infrastructure costsoperational efficiency while contributing meaningfulyto the aviation industry's net-zero journeyDecarbonizingAviationGroundOperations:Altermative BusTechnologies,
IntroductionThe aviation industry is committed to achievingrequired for decarbonization may benefit a wideoortantfor both aviationThis broaderapproach can strengthen the business case forapracticaltool for airports arations.Converting bus fleetsisropeisexpectedto account%of this market, diven by stringentand stronggovernmentpapercovers themainhat couldreducing Scope 1 and Scope 2 emissions fromof eachoption, while recognizinggraphies,pavethe wayforbatteryaviation, offering a practical means to test, adapdeployment. Other technalogies, such as hydrogerand build familarity with the technologies that mayeventually power alircraft.and naturalgas or biomethaneincudedin the quantitative analyssicdered qualitatively in the technologyI conmuniesarund then. Infastucture dhangesDecanbonzingAvationGroundOperatons.AMematieBus Eechrobagies
(1Operatina busesat airportsAirport bus operations are influencedby sevairport boundaries, requiring airports to operatetactos noluding...
