ITUPublicationsInternational Telecommunication UnionDevelopment SectorCollaborative artificial intelligence (AI) frameworks and preparedness diagnostic:A practical guide for policy-makers and regulatorsPlease consider the environment before printing this report.© ITU 2026Some rights reserved. This work is licensed to the public through a Creative Commons Attribution-Non-Commercial-Share Alike 3.0 IGO license (CC BY-NC-SA 3.0 IGO). Under the terms of this licence, you may copy, redistribute and adapt the work for non-commercial purposes, provided the work is appropriately cited. In any use of this work, there should be no suggestion that ITU endorse any specific organization, products or services. The unauthorized use of the ITU names or logos is not permitted. If you adapt the work, then you must license your work under the same or equivalent Creative Commons licence. If you create a translation of this work, you should add the following disclaimer along with the suggested citation: “This translation was not created by the International Telecommunication Union (ITU). ITU is not responsible for the content or accuracy of this translation. The original English edition shall be the binding and authentic edition”. For more information, please visit https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/igo/ AcknowledgementsThis publication was prepared by Ms Miriam Stankovich, Senior ICT Consultant, under the direction of the Regulatory and Market Environment Division of the ITU Telecommunication Development Bureau (BDT).DisclaimerThe designations employed and the presentation of the material in this publication do not imply the expression of any opinion whatsoever on the part of the International Telecommunication Union (ITU) or of the ITU secretariat concerning the legal status of any country, territory, city, or area or of its authorities, or concerning the delimitation of its frontiers or boundaries.The mention of specific companies or of certain manufacturers’ products does not imply that they are endorsed or recommended by ITU in preference to others of a similar nature that are not mentioned. Errors and omissions excepted; the names of proprietary products are distinguished by initial capital letters.All reasonable precautions have been taken by ITU to verify the information contained in this publication. However, the published material is being distributed without warranty of any kind, either expressed or implied. The responsibility for the interpretation and use of the material lies with the reader.The opinions, findings and conclusions expressed in this publication do not necessarily reflect the views of ITU or its membership.ISBN978-92-61-43391-8 (Electronic version) 978-92-61-43401-4 (EPUB version)Collaborative artificial intelligence (AI) frameworks and preparedness diagnostic:A practical guide for policy-makers and regulatorsivAcknowledgements ................................