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INTERNATIONALENERGYAGENCYexaminesthefulIEAMemberIEAAssociationcountries:jandAustraliaArgentinacoademand, reewableenergytechnologies,ectricity markets,energyefficlency.RepublicIndonesiaocess toenergy,demand sideKenyamanagent and muchMoroccoe.Through its work,SenegaltheIEAadvocatesgaporelicies that will enhanceouth AfricaHungaryThailandaffordability andrelandUkrainestainabilityof energyAssociationcountriesand beyond.PortugalSlovak RepublicSwitzerlandRepublic of TurkiyeUnitedKingdomUnited StatesThe EuropeanCommission alsoparticipates in theleaEnergyAgency
ForewordAnEnergy Technology PerspectivesSpecialReporForewordIn modern historv. few innovations have been more consequential thanthe carToday, cars are central to the lives ofmillions of people around the world. Themarketforcarsisoneofthelargestforasingleproduct and this producrepresents the single largest source ofoil demand, a key trend that theIntemationalEFnergyAgency(FEA)hastracked cboseyfordecades. Mhar's morecarmanufacturingis a pillar of the economy inmany counties today, direclyemploying over 10milionpeople across the world - while supporting milons oadditionaljobselsewhere in the supply chain,from steel and aluminium productioneconomies. Three fundamentalshifs-in terms of the aeoaraphvof car production. in tems of the reaions that are drivina sales growth. and in termsof the technologies being chosen by consumers. This is posingchallenges for many internationally renowned carmakers, which have honed theircraft overdecades ofmanufacturing focused on internal combustion engine cars.The geographic shiftin global car production has been led by China, which morethandoubled its output between 2010 and 2024 to accountfor40% ofglobalcanmanufacturina canacitv todavIn 2024China overtook the FuroneanUniontbecomethe world'slarcest car exoorter. orooelled by sianificant investments inthe manufacturinaofelectriccars and theirbatteriesAt the same time, as a result of risingincomes and government policies, carownership in emerginq economies is growing quickly while demand in advancedeconomieshaslevelled offTheshare ofemerginganddevelopingeconomiesintotalcarsalesworldwidearewfrom20%in2000 to50%todav In terms oftechnolories. the share of electic cars on the road is increasing rapidlyworldwide. Electric cars accounted for more than afifth of all cars sold globally in2024,whilesales of cars that exclusively run on internal combustion engines weresignificantly below their 2017 peak. This year, one in four cars sold worlwide isexpected to beelectric.Thesechanges have raised maijor questions about the future of the global canindustry. The decisions facing incumbent carmakers today willshape theirfluturePAGE|3
ForewordAnEnergyTechnologyPerspectivesSpecialReportcompetitiveness for decades to come, as well as the futures of companies across the broader car supply chain. They wil also have implications for the wider energysecto...
